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The
theories of evolution as opposed to the evidence of creationism.
The
theory is stated in the first line, followed by the creationist
reply in the subsequent lines.
Opals
are the result of slow, gradual changes in minerals which occur over very long
periods, perhaps thousands of years.
Dr.
Len Cram has managed to grow opals in a matter of a few months. He uses
apparatus in his backyard laboratory. All he does is mix together the right
common chemicals - no heat or pressure or millions of years is needed.
He
was awarded an honorary doctorate by a secular university for his work.
Animals
are most likely to adopt or protect youngsters they are closely related to, as
this is the best way to preserve a gene pool.
A
genetic study of polar bears has shown that cubs which are completely unrelated
are often adopted by female bears.
Genetic
variation
is a very important part of evolution, because organisms have to change to keep
up with the changing environment.
Wollemi
pines have been discovered in Australia, which are strong, healthy and producing
viable seeds, yet these trees are said to be 150 million years behind the times.
Their DNA shows no difference between any of the 40 trees, even though some of
them are 40 kilometres apart.
Genetics
are no friend of the evolutionist. At the same time that Darwin was claiming
that creatures could change into other creatures, Gregor Mendel was showing that
even individual characteristics remain constant. While Darwin’s ideas were
based on erroneous and untested ideas, Mendel’s conclusions were based on
careful experiments and observation. Only by ignoring the total implications of
modern genetics has it been possible for evolutionists to keep to their beliefs.
There
are three main areas in which genetics prevent evolution:
1.
The environment cannot alter the genetic code. The organism may alter to
suit the environment, but only as far as already installed information will
allow. For example a creature may adapt to cold by growing more hair or fat, but
this is not because of an increase in information, but simply the use of
information which was already there.
2.
Recombination cannot produce any new genetic information. All
recombination does is shuffle the information which is already there - as one
might shuffle cards. For example, from 1800 plant breeders tried to increase the
sugar content of sugar beet, (then at 6%) which they did, but after 75 years
they could not increase the level beyond 17%. This was because all the genes for
sugar were gathered into one variety.
3.
Mutation never produces new information. Mutation is a mistake in the
copying process. Most mutations are not noticeable, while others are harmful or
lethal. For example, since 1910 the fruit fly (drosophilia melanogaster) has
been bred and damaged genetically to produce mutations, yet not one has been
beneficial. The only useful mutations are those which enable the creature (or
plant) to reproduce without the usual competition, such as wingless beetles on a
windy island - they could not be blown out to sea to drown, or bacteria
resistant to penicillin. But in every case there is a loss of
information, not a gain. If there was a gain, then evolution might have
something to present as a mechanism for beneficial change, but because it is
always a loss, there still remains no known mechanism for evolution.
Some
people think that a deliberate change to the parent will eventually produce
modified offspring. For example snipping puppy’s tails, or dehorning cattle,
or binding the feet of girls, or circumcision, or wearing earrings. The fact is
mutilation of a parent never affects the offspring because the genes determine
the offspring. This is why no amount of stretching will add another bone to a
giraffe’s neck, and no amount of training will produce children of any
noticeable difference compared to a parent who just sits around all the time.
Vestigial
organs
are the remains of an evolutionary past.
All
the so-called vestigial organs in Man, (over a hundred) once declared to
be 'leftovers' from an evolutionary past, have now been acknowledged as vital,
important or essential to the efficient running of our bodies.
Blind
fish,
which are the descendants of seeing fish, do not demonstrate evolution because
the sightless fish, from which the blind progeny descended, has lost
information rather than gained it. Loss of information is evidence of the second
law of thermodynamics - complex degrading into less complex, not evolution,
which requires increasing complexity.
Blind
fish, living as they do in dark caves underground, are not subject to the same
survival conditions they would experience above ground. However, if they were
placed back in the ‘wild’ they would quickly disappear, because blindness is
not an advantage amongst seeing fish.
Hair
on human embryos
is not an expression of primate ancestry. Lanugo, the soft, downy covering,
often visible on premature babies, grows from the same follicles from which
adult hair grows, and from which, eventually, hair stops growing in old age at
the commencement of baldness.
Lanugo,
(embryonic) vellus (short and fine) and terminal hair (longer and darker) all
grow from the same number of follicles as exist in the womb. If lanugo was a
throwback to primate ancestry, humans ought to develop many more new follicles
as they grow, but they do not.
The
appendix
was once thought to serve no useful purpose because it was seen as a vestigial
(passing away) leftover of evolution. But now the appendix is known to be a highly
specialised organ with a rich blood supply containing a high concentration
of lymphoid follicles - these are part of the immune system. The appendix is
located at the junction of the large and small bowel. The colon, which is loaded
with useful bacteria, passes these bacteria on to the small bowel, where they
are potentially harmful. This is where the appendix helps to control things
(during early childhood) by controlling what comes through. It also manufactures
antibodies.
Distribution
of life
on the planet shows that evolution has occurred in different places at different
rates.
The
present distribution of life is the result of migration, survival factors and
adaptability. Many creatures which disembarked from Noah’s Ark died out
quickly, while others managed to make it across land bridges, or across oceans,
to settle in other places. As they moved they adapted to the changing
conditions. The strongest survived, while the weakest died out. The gene pool
which God has installed in all living things gives them flexibility - they can
develop to a certain extent to meet the challenges of a changing climate, or the
arrival of certain predators. This in no way demonstrates evolution, since no
new information is added. What it does show is the ability of genes to express
different features, which sometimes give organisms an advantage.
The
Galapagos Islands,
where Darwin formulated some theories, do not demonstrate evolution, but instead
show variety within a species. Darwin’s finches, all with their different
beaks, show how the genes in the finch can express themselves in a variety of
shapes. In a similar way dogs, horses, cats, wheat, sugar beet and grapes have
all been carefully bred to bring out desired features, to the suppression of
undesired features. This in no way demonstrates evolution, because all that has
happened is a selection from already existing information.
Einstein
was a Christian.
By
a Bible definition Einstein was not a Christian. He wrote "I cannot
conceive of a God who rewards and punishes his creatures, or has a will of the
kind that we experience in ourselves. Neither can I nor would want to conceive
of an individual that survives his physical death; let feeble souls, from fear
or absurd egoism cherish such thoughts."
He
also wrote " During the youthful period of mankind’s spiritual evolution
human fantasy created gods in man’s own image . . . The idea of God in the
religions taught at present is a sublimation of that old concept of the gods. .
. . In their struggle for the ethical good, teachers of religion must have the
stature to give up the doctrine of a person God . . ." (Ideas and Opinions
by Albert Einstein, Crown Publishers, NY, USA pages 36-39. 1954)
In
the book ‘The Universe and Dr. Einstein’ Victor Gallanzc Ltd, London, UK
page 95. 1953 Einstein summarised ‘God’ as "a superior reasoning
power" and his opinion of the Bible : "A conflict arises when a
religious community insists on the absolute truthfulness of all statements
recorded in the Bible".
Most
fossils
are ancient - dating back millions of years.
Fossils
are the remains of a plant or animal, quite often preserved in rocks. There is
no time limit attached to them, though assumptions are often made.
A
fossil may be formed by refrigeration (Arctic mammoths), carbonisation (leaves
in coal), cast (dinosaur footprints in petrified mud), mineralisation of bones,
teeth or shells.
All
a fossil usually does is present evidence for the death of something that once
lived. As no-one was there at the time with a clock, all dating systems are
based on assumptions. If we come to a fossil already assuming that it is
‘ancient’ we will tend to adjust our dating methods to fit our assumption.
If we assume that the Bible is correct, then we will arrive at a maximum age of
about 6000 years for any fossil.
There
are no transitional forms in the fossil record to show the evolution of
one organism into another. If the fossil record represents millions of years of
evolution, there should be millions of transitional forms.
The
circular reasoning of evolutionists goes like this : I believe the rock is 35
millions years old, therefore the fossil must be 35 million years old. Or : I
believe the fossil is 35 million years old, therefore the rock is 35 million
years old.
Marine
fossils
are the result of death, and subsequent burial on ocean or lake beds by silt and
other deposits.
When
a marine organism such as a fish dies it does not sink, but rises towards the
surface, where it disintegrates. What remains may sink to the floor, but in
pieces. Marine fossils show evidence of rapid burial before decay, while still
healthy and intact, which indicates that the organisms did not have time to
decay, or float before they were preserved. For example a well-preserved
ichthyosaur 4.5 metres long, discovered in a Yorkshire quarry, still with the
remains of a squid in its stomach. Another fossil has been found of an
ichthyosaur giving birth.
Flat
earth.
It was once believed by some people that the earth was flat.
The
Bible has long held that the world is not flat. Isaiah 40:22 "It is He that
sits upon the circle of the earth . . ." Circle = arch, vault, compass. In
this verse the word circle suggests a three-dimensional curving surface, rather
than a flat plane.
The
continents
as we see them today are billions of years old.
Under
current erosion processes, all the land masses in the world above sea level
would be completely gone in about 10 million years. Mountain uplift is too slow
to compensate for this, and no known theory can devise a way to replace the land
masses faster than erosion removes them.
Stalactites
and stalagmites
take thousands of years to form.
Substantial
stalagmites and stalagmites have been found growing after only 50 years in
mining tunnels and elsewhere.
In
the early 1950’s a worker at Australia’s Jenolan Caves in New South Wales
placed his lemonade bottle in one of the limestone caves. By 1980 (30 years
later) a coating of calcite about 3 mm thick had already formed over the surface
of the bottle.
Rapid
stalactite formation has been recorded in tropical areas mainly because of
higher rainfall. The spectacular formations in the world’s limestone caves
could have formed in just a few thousand years.
The
oceans
are immensely old.
Each
year the earth’s rivers and streams add millions of tonnes of salt to the sea,
and only a fraction of this goes back to the land. Working backwards we find
that the oceans must have been almost freshwater only a few thousand years ago.
If the oceans are as old as some people say, they should be a lot saltier, but
their saltiness indicates that they are actually quite young - only a few
thousand years young in fact.
Petrification
takes thousands or millions of years.
In
Western Australia there is a petrified waterwheel, which took only 60
years to change from wood into stone. Water, carrying dissolved limestone,
dripped night and day on to the waterwheel, gradually filling the wood with rock
particles until all but two paddles are now solid rock.
In
Eureka Springs Gardens, Arkansas there are petrified flour sacks,
collected from the Blue Spring mill. The bags of flour were turned into stone,
as all the air spaces in the flour were filled with tiny calcium carbonate
crystals, then their cloth covering rotted and fell away, leaving the replicas
complete with the stitch marks and fabric impressions.
An
old bottle, entombed in conglomerate rock is on display in the Maritime Museum,
Cape Town, South Africa. It was found in 1986 by divers, in the wreck of the
British troopship HMS Birkenhead, which went down in 1852. The conglomerate rock
is solid, and contains bits of a ceramic jar, basketware, iron objects which
have corroded, pebbles and shell fragments. Impressions of other bottles are
also visible. After only 130 years this old bottle and its surrounding rock
testify to the short time rock needs to form.
A
partially destroyed clock was found encased in solid rock and seashells
in 1975, by Dolores Testerman, just a short way from the South Jetty, Westport,
Washington, USA.
Ship’s
bells
were found recently about 50 metres down (170 feet) off the coast of Victoria,
Australia. These metal bells have become firmly encased in solid rock. They come
from the wreck of the wooden sailing ship Isabella Watson, which sank off the
coast in 1852, yet in only a few years the bells have become encased in rocks,
shells and sediment. (The specimen is in the Maritime Archaeological Unit of
Heritage Victoria)
A
roll of modern fencing wire was found on Eighty Mile Beach, in the north
of western Australia by Amy Lewis, the 11 year old daughter of the local caravan
park owners. The roll was 70 cm (2.3 feet) in diameter and weighed 75 kg (165
lb.) The wire, which had become totally encrusted in solid rock also containing
seashells, was probably discarded between 1920 and 1970. If the rock had not
contained the wire it might have been assumed by evolution-minded people that it
was millions of years old, and the sea shells in it would have been ‘dated’
accordingly.
At
1.40 a.m. on the morning of June 10 1886 Mt. Tawarewa erupted and
destroyed the famous pink and white terraces. Nearby, a town called Wairoa which
was also destroyed, but since then some of its buildings have been excavated,
and some of the artefacts found in them have been quite surprising. For example
a petrified bowler hat, a petrified sandwich and a petrified ham
have been found. There are also solid rock sausages (?). Some of the
local Maori used to make money out of selling petrified articles - made from
things they left in the water of the pink and white terraces, and there was also
tourist graffiti - hundreds of names including that of Sir George Gray an early
Governor of NZ - were scribbled on the silica and soon became encased in silica.
There was even a sheet of newspaper.
The
pink and white terraces demonstrate how quickly petrifaction can happen.
A
world-wide flood
is most unlikely, and there is no evidence for one.
Many
nations have garbled versions of the Biblical flood. Some of these include the
Aztecs of Mexico, the Sumerians, in the epic of Gilgamesh recovered from tablets
excavated in Iraq, the North American Indians (i.e. Choctaw tribe and others),
the Australian Aborigines, the Chinese, the Bahnars - a primitive tribe of
Cochin, China, the Incas of Peru, the Africans, the Egyptians, the Teutonic
tribes of Scandinavia, etc.)
There
are at least 500 legends of a worldwide flood, all of which carry many
similarities with the Biblical account.
Geological
evidence for a global flood includes such things as : huge canyons such as the
Grand Canyon, the presence of riverbeds which continue down under the sea from
the land, the horizontal steps cut into the edges of continents where the sea
level once was, vast fossil beds containing the remains of billions of fish, or
plants, animals and/or other organisms; the presence of sedimentary rock, (of
which about 80% of all land above sea level comprises), fossilised layers of
coal (carbonised wood), oil deposits (comprising water and organic materials
trapped under hardened sediment), and natural gas.
When
a typical area of rock strata is found it is usually clearly banded, as each
successive layer of minerals was dropped. Quite often the layers are folded,
but it is very interesting to notice that the sharp curves and loops are very
often smooth. This indicates that the folding took place while the layers were
still comparatively soft and malleable - not millions of years later, when the
rock was hard and dry. If the folding occurred long after the sediments set
hard, the folds would have cracks and fractures running through them. The
absence of fracturing is evidence that the layers were produced quickly and
followed almost immediately by folding.
Another
interesting things is the fact that the layers are usually fairly even. If each
layer was followed by another layer thousands or millions of years later,
erosion would have cut into the sediments and changed their shapes dramatically.
In folded areas the ‘valleys’ would tend to be thicker than the ‘hills’
- yet no such thing is visible. The layers have been formed without a sign of
erosion. For example the Grand Canyon. 100,000 square miles across yet many of
the strata run horizontally parallel from one side to the other.
The
Flood
was local and through time and retelling became exaggerated.
Starting
from the point of view of believing the Bible :
-
if the Flood was local, why did Noah bother to build an Ark?
-
if the Flood was local why did God bother to save a few animals in the Ark?
-
if the Flood was local why were birds brought on board the Ark, and how could
the waters rise 15 cubits above the mountains?
-
if the Flood was local, then many people missed out on the judgement, and Jesus
was wrong when he referred to it as a sign of judgement on "all" men
(Matt.24:37-39)
-
if the Flood was local, then God has repeatedly broken His promise never to send
another flood.
Life
arose by a chance
meeting of various inanimate chemicals in a 'primeval soup’. (spontaneous
generation)
Louis
Pasteur proved that life comes only from life. In his experiments with
fermentation, on behalf of the wine industry, he discovered that fermentation
was the result of contamination by air-born microorganisms. Pasteur performed
many experiments with fermentable materials in specially sealed flasks. When the
flasks were sufficiently heated they would no longer ferment, but the seal was
broken they would.
Microbes
come from microbes. Life comes from life. Because of Pasteur’s work such
things as antiseptics, disinfection and sterilisation were understandable. If
microbes were spontaneously generated, no amount of antiseptic would have
helped, but in every case where all life was cleansed from away, no new life
arose unless in came from external contamination.
Problems
with the primeval soup theory :
1.
Molecules and chemicals react in mechanical ways, and in no way perform as
complex a manoeuvre as to produce the immense complexity of a living cell,
containing the thousands of separate functions and responses necessary for it to
be called a living entity,
2.
Even if a simple amino acid was formed, the heat of the water would soon
dissolve it. Without a protective membrane, all the contents of a cell would
leak out. A living cell is too complex to arise by chance, and without all the
part fully functional from the start, the cell cannot replicate or adapt,
3.
Even if a life form did arise in a 'primeval soup’, the conditions necessary
to make that soup would destroy the life form,
4.
RNA (ribonucleic acid), even if it were possible to form without outside help,
could not survive unprotected as it is extremely unstable,
5.
The building blocks of proteins come in left-handed and right-handed forms.
Living things can use ONLY left-handed forms. If a protein had only one
right-handed molecule it would not function. DNA and RNA are pure
right-handed sugars. A single left-handed molecule in a right-handed DNA or
RNA would destroy it. So proteins must be pure left-handed and DNA and RNA must
be pure right-handed - an exact 50-50 mixture. The chances of a living cell
arising under these conditions by accident is nil.
6.
The Law of Biogenesis, as stated by Rudolf Virchow (one of the greatest names in
the history of medicine and a contemporary of Pasteur) states "omni
cellules e cellules" = all cells come from other cells. Thousands of
experiments, and all of the recently gained knowledge of molecular biology and
genetics, have only served to strengthen this fundamental law of biology.
World
famous physicist, author and evolutionist professor Paul Davies admitted (in
2000) "There is no known law of physics able to create information from
nothing." He acknowledges that chemical evolution provides no explanation
for the appearance of life, that throwing energy at amino acids will not produce
delicate chain molecules, that life is an "information processing
system" not a matter of random arrangements of molecules, and that "it
is the software of the living cell that is the real mystery, not the
hardware".
The
slow rate at which coral grows shows that the earth must be millions of
years old.
Charles
Darwin saw coral atolls in the south seas which were more than 1000 metres thick
and concluded that they must be millions of years old. He assumed that coral
grows very slowly. However, coral can grow about one metre in 20 years, which
gives the atolls plenty of time to form after 4 and half thousand years after
the Great Flood.
A
coral plant
was found growing on an adult’s shoe left underwater for four years. The coral
was already about half the width of the shoe.
A
cat and a giraffe both have seven bones in their necks. This shows that
they both had the same mammalian ancestor.
God
used the same pattern for many animals, modifying it to suit each one according
to the habitat and abilities He wanted the animals to have. However, homology
does not prove origin. For example two similar cars need not come from the same
factory. On the other hand, the same factory may make, from similar parts, an
off-road car and a city car.
In
the case of cats and giraffes, the three-toed sloth (another mammal) has 9 or 10
neck bones, while the two-toed sloth and the manatee both have six. (Enc..
Brit.) Chest numbers in mammals range from 9 to 24, and lower back bones number
from 2 to 21. God may modify his own designs, or change them as He sees fit.
Evolution
is driven partly by tooth and claw, i.e. Death and bloodshed, cruelty and
merciless behaviour.
Nature
actually shows a tremendous amount of co-operation. Many plants and animals are
totally dependent on each other (for example the yucca plant and yucca moth).
Elephants will go to huge lengths to protect and help their young. Polar bears
will adopt cubs from other polar bear mothers. Dogs are well-known for their
ability to help strangers. Domesticated cats and budges will play together. Some
tame lions prefer not to eat meat at all.
The
reason we have carnivores today is because of the original sin by Adam and Eve.
Before Adam sinned Nature was in complete harmony, (herbivores) but after sin
entered the world, aggressive behaviour began to occur, leading to the present
conditions.
There
were many Ice Ages, which happened over many thousands of years, caused
by all sorts of things including dust clouds from volcanic eruptions and
meteorite strikes.
The
only evidence for at least one single Ice Age is clear to see. Huge deposits of
lime, gravel and sand in northern Europe. It is merely an assumption that these
deposits were formed over many thousands of years by multiple advances and
retreats by ice.
It
is a common misconception that an Ice Age is caused by a cooler earth.
The reverse is the case. Warmer oceans would produce higher
precipitation, i.e. snow, which would cause the rapid formation of, glaciers and
ice flows. The theory that a meteorite could throw huge amounts of dust into the
sky and thus freeze the planet causing an Ice Age is wrong. The oceans would
cool down too, so precipitation would fall.
These
conditions prevailed directly after the Flood. The great "fountains of the
deep", and volcanic eruptions warmed the seas and caused rapid evaporation,
which led to huge snowfall rates. For several hundred years after the Flood the
Ice Age continued until the seas cooled, which led to the retreat of the
glaciers. Today’s glaciers are the remnant of once mighty rivers of ice.
After
the Flood the atmosphere was probably quite polluted by drifting dust and ash
from the volcanic activity which accompanied the Flood. This obscuring cloud
would have reflected a lot of the sunlight away from Earth, thus helping to cool
the air, which would have aided the accumulation of snow and ice.
Coal
formed very slowly in swamps or bogs as layer after layer of peat was laid down
and compressed.
The
evidence totally contradicts this theory. Although it is true that peat does
slowly accumulate in swamps (between 1-4 mm per year) the compression rate is
such that it would take about 1500 years to produce 1-4mm of solid coal.
Cross-sections
of coal-bearing land show the following features :
1.
Forking of seams. That is, no continuous horizontal layers, but many oblique
layers coming in and bisecting the horizontal lines. This indicates rapid
formation by violent water movement.
2.
Solid wood deposits. Whole tree trunks, stripped of leaves and roots, layered
together and compressed in hugs heaps.
3.
Tree and plant deposits with some vertical tree trunks standing vertically in
the horizontal layers. This indicates that the vertical trunks were buried
rapidly before they could decay while the horizontal layers were piled up around
them. Again, this speaks of violent water movement, not thousands of years of
gradual growth.
4.
The sheer size and depth of coal deposits. One Welsh mine is over 1 mile thick.
This indicates unprecedented catastrophe, with enormous amounts of wood being
carried, dropped and buried rapidly. Nothing of the sort has been observed
today, and no peat swamp could ever produce the same effect.
When
Mt. St Helens erupted, a large number of trees were washed into Spirit Lake,
where they formed a floating mat, which gradually became waterlogged and sank
(and is still sinking) to the bottom. The sunken wood is forming a layer
of wood which looks similar to the formation found in coal seams - some trees
are horizontal while others are standing upright, stripped of their leaves and
roots.
Coal
takes
thousands or millions of years to gradually accumulate and form.
Heating
wood, water and acidic clay at 150 degrees C from 4-6 weeks in a sealed tube
with no added pressure forms high-grade coal.
Stone
tools
show that Man used to be primitive before he progressed to more complex things,
such as agriculture and trades.
Stone
tools have been found in Tanzania, France and other places, but over the years
other things have also been found near the tools which have spoiled the
evolutionary view that only very ‘primitive’ people used them. Simple tools
does not equate with primitive humans. For example stone tools were found in the
same locality as pottery and hut circles, and today the Turkana tribesmen still
use a stone chopper to break open the nuts of the doum palm.
The
reason why humans have long used stone tools is because such tools are (1)
strong, (2) resilient, (3) the best tools for the job, (4) reasonably easy to
make from common materials, (5) actually a sign of great intelligence.
The
so-called ‘hand-axe’ - a teardrop-shaped piece of stone with a sharp edge
all round one plane and a sharp point - was probably thrown like a discus.
Models were tested by Eileen O’Brien of the University of Georgia. She found
that "the hand-axe spun horizontally as it rose, like a discus. However
when it reached its maximum altitude it flipped on to its edge and descended
that way. It landed on its knife edge 93% of the time and it landed point first
70% of the time".
Peppered
moths
show evolution in action.
As
tree trunks became darkened by soot from the Industrial Revolution, the peppered
moths which happened to be darker obtained better camouflage from birds and so
these became more numerous than lighter versions. This of course is not
evolution, but survival of the fittest, as there were still light and dark
versions of the same moth after the Industrial Revolution.
Also,
it has now been revealed that the scientists who studied the moths could not
find moths resting on the trees so they caught some and glued or pinned them on,
to support their theory with suitable photographs. The moths never rest on the
tree trunks during daytime anyway, so the entire theory was blown to pieces.
DDT
resistance
by insects shows evolution in action.
More
than 15 years ago, leading evolutionary biologist Francisco Ayala wrote
"resistance to one or more pesticides has been reported in at least 225
species of insects and other arthropods. The genetic variants required for
resistance to the most diverse kinds of pesticides were apparently present in
every one of the populations exposed to these manmade compounds".
(Scientific American, Sep.1978, page 57)
What
happened was that resistant insects survived while non-resistant insects died.
The survivors passed on the genetic information for this resistance which
therefore became more prominent in subsequent generations. No new information
was added to the insects, so no evolution occurred.
All
the information inherent in DNA
arose by chance.
The
presence of information in coded form indicates intelligent arrangement of
non-informational units in such a way as to convey something intelligent. The
units themselves are not intelligent - for example the letters of an alphabet,
the dots and dashes in Morse code, the positions of the flags in semaphore, the
encryption of computer messages into binary signals, and human speech which uses
the code of sound waves.
There
are two agents involved in the sending of a coded message. The first is the
Sender - who must arrange inanimate objects (or whatever) in such a way as to
put some idea or message into a coded form. The other agent is the Recipient,
who must be able to decode the symbols and respond in a suitable way to the
message.
In
the case of reading, the human brain decodes the letters. In the case of Morse
code the human decodes the sounds. In the case of DNA the molecules are decoded
to produce life.
The
DNA code is written with four types of ‘letter’ - the nucleotides. The
nucleotides form 20 types of protein, and many amino acids. Each group of 3 DNA
‘letters’ forms a codon. The codons are arranged along the DNA spiral in a
specific sequence. The information is not in the molecules themselves, but in
their sequence.
A
living organism always reproduces itself. The mechanisms involved in maintaining
all the functions of a living organism are enormous - reproduction, maintenance,
repair, respiration, digestion, locomotion, self-preservation, problem-solving .
. . all these functions are written into the DNA code. (Strange how so much
effort has gone into finding signs of ‘intelligent life’ in the universe,
when right under our noses the DNA code reveals immense intelligence!)
The
"days" of Genesis
are symbolic, and refer to long ages.
1.
Each "day" in Genesis is "yom" in Hebrew. This is the same
word used for "day elsewhere in the Bible.
2.
Each day is qualified by the words "the evening and the morning" This
indicates that they were each normal 24 hour days.
3.
The word "day" is used in the sabbath law, where God is said to have
rested on the seventh "yom". This indicates that the seventh day was
the same as all the others, and relates to our week precisely.
4.
Jesus believed the Law of the sabbath and accepted the days as normal 24 hour
days.
5.
If the "days" of genesis were too long, many of the parts of ecology
which depend on other parts, i.e. plants (for example) would not have survived
while the other parts they depended on were still uncreated. (i.e.insects for
pollination)
6.
Genesis is written as historical narrative, not poetry or myth. The structure
and form is straightforward and simple.
7.
If God had wanted to tell us that the "days" were ages, He could have
used other Hebrew words, such as ‘olam’ or ‘le olam’ or ‘ad tamid’
or ‘shanah’ or ‘yom rab’ but He chose ‘yom’ and qualified it with
‘evening and morning’.
Limestone
and chalk
are proof of long ages of slow deposits.
The
White Cliffs of Dover are one of many good examples of a chalk or limestone
deposit. This rock comprises mainly microscopic shells of organisms (hence the
assumption that there was a cretaceous age, from creta = chalk) One main problem
with this theory is that these tiny shelled creatures accumulate too slowly to
form such huge deposits. However, if one takes into account a global Flood, with
huge amounts of energy released in moving water, it is highly likely that light
shells could have been swept together and deposited in the numbers now seen
today in various parts of the world.
Further
confirmation of this view is seen in the Cliffs themselves. The deposits are
layered like all sedimentary rock is, which indicates that it was water which
formed it.
Living
fossils
are remnants of an ancestry which stretches back millions of years.
When
a living plant or animal matches a fossil, the evolutionist is caught with a
problem. Take the tadpole shrimp for example. Fossils of this little creature
have been dated at 250 million years, yet living tadpole shrimps are
identical to the fossils. The problem is :
1.
The tadpole shrimp has not changed at all in 250 years, which contradicts
evolution,
2.
The fossils are not as old as evolutionists claim.
Just
how long it takes to turn a bone into a fossil - a permineralised bone, is a
matter of debate. Modern bones which fall into mineral springs are
permineralised in a matter of weeks. Dinosaur bones may not be much older than a
few thousand years. To say that they are millions is to express an assumption
without evidence. In most dinosaur fossils, the bone is still mostly bone. In
others the bone has been replaced by minerals.
Dinosaur
bones found in Alberta, Canada, were encased in ironstone nodules shortly after
being buried and were, on being tested, so well preserved they could not be
distinguished from modern bones.
Evolutionists
are usually determined that any fossil dinosaur bone must be millions of years
old, yet (1) the discovery of 100% bone fossils, (2) and the discovery of red
blood cells in another specimen, (3) and the discovery of thousands of dinosaur
bones on the North Shore of Alaska, left unreported for 20 years because the
discoverer thought they were the remains of bison - supports the Bible view -
that dinosaurs were destroyed (mainly) by a Flood which occurred only about
4,500 years ago.
According
to the Bible, no fossil is older than just a few thousand years.
Dinosaur
fossils are very old
- usually millions of years old.
Actual
blood cells have been found in fossil tyrannosaurus rex bones - with traces of a
red blood protein hemoglobin (which makes blood red and carries oxygen). The
discovery was made by scientists from Montana State University in 1990.
Mary
Schweitzer, the scientist most involved, found the cells when she and her
colleagues were taking Turns looking at a slice of bone through a microscope.
"The lab filled with murmurs of amazement" wrote Mary, "for I had
focussed on something inside the vessels that none of us had ever noticed before
: tiny round objects, translucent red with a dark centre. Then a colleague took
one look at them and shouted, "You’ve got red blood cells!"
Mary
Schweitzer confronted her boss, who told her to try and prove the objects were
not red blood cells, which she tried to do with various tests, and could not.
The
presence of hemoglobin indicates that the dinosaur remains are certainly not
millions of years old, as all tissues would have long gone through normal decay
processes. However, if the sample was a maximum of 4 and a half thousand years
old, (the Bible chronology) there is some chance that the cells in some fossils
are still intact.
Humans
gradually learned how to speak
over millions of years.
Humans
have a speech centre in their brain which enables them to use a highly complex
verbal language. The fact that we are born with a speech centre shows that it is
already in our genes, so we inherit it from our parents.
Because
acquired characteristics can only be inherited from genes, the speech centre
must have been in the original parents of the human race. Genetic research has
shown that genes are either dominant or recessive, but never spontaneously
generated or added to, so it is impossible for a speech centre to slowly
develop. We inherit the capacity to speak - never gradually develop the ability.
Humans
are designed for speech. We have an ability which is unique amongst all other
creatures. Our vocal chords are lower down in the throat (in adults) than any
animal and the facility of a chest and throat, tongue and mouth, give us the
ability to communicate with a vast array of sounds.
The
different races
represent different offspring from separate lines of evolution. This means that
some ‘races’ in the world are more advanced than others - and therefore some
races are inferior.
The
Bible teaches no such thing, and it is supported by good science. For example,
after tests were run on the year 2001, it was announced that humans are 99.9%
identical. It is just the tiny 1% which makes us look different from each other.
Skin
colour is determined by the amount of melanin one has - that is all.
All
people from all cultures can intermarry and produce healthy children. This
indicates that there is no significant genetic difference between humans.
Evolution
is inherently a racist philosophy, while Christianity is the opposite.
In
the Human Genome, there are only about 30,000 genes. This is sufficient to
determine size, shape, colour and so on. In all the people tested so far no
significant difference has been found in the genetic makeup of the DNA between
any two people.
Interracial
marriage is not condemned in the Bible. The only thing that God forbids in the
Church is marriage between a Christian and a non-Christian.
The
horse
evolved over millions of years from a small creature like a badger to its
present form.
No
transitional forms have ever been found showing the evolution of the horse.
The
so-called first horse (eohippus) is more like a rock badger, a hyrax, or coney.
Two
other supposed fossils of the horse were found in the same layer, so there is no
way of saying which might have come from which. What it does suggest is that
both animals were living together at the same time before they were drowned and
buried by sediment.
Other
fossil horses are either incomplete or hardly convincing.
The
claim is sometimes made that large horse fossils come from small ones on the
evolutionary tree, but this is not proof of evolution. Rather it is proof that
there were large horses and there were small horses, just as there are today.
The
splint bones
in a horse’s leg have been claimed as vestigial organs from an evolutionary
past. However, splint bones have been found to :
-
strengthen the horse’s leg because of the enormous stresses during galloping,
-
form a protective groove that houses the suspensory ligament, a vital elastic
brace used when the horse walks.
A
brief history of the supposed evolution of the horse :
1.
In 1841, the earliest so-called ‘horse’ fossil was discovered in clay around
London. The scientist who unearthed it. Richard Owen, found a complete skull
that looked like a fox's head with multiple back teeth as in hoofed animals. He
called it hyracotherium because he saw no connection between it and the
modern-day horse.
2.
In 1874 another scientist, Kovalensky, attempted to establish a link between
this small, fox-like creature and the modern horse. He dated the fox-like skull
at 70 million years.
3.
In 1879 an American fossil expert O. C. Marsh and Julian Huxley an evolutionist
collaborated for a public lecture in New York. Marsh produced a schematic
diagram which attempted to show how the horse’s feet, legs and teeth evolved.
Today
many school textbooks show these diagrams, despite the fact that there is
absolutely no evidence for the transitional stages.
But
even if there was some credence in the theory, some facts ruin it. For example,
fossils have been found at different places in different continents, in
different positions in the strata, so there is no succession from oldest to
youngest. Horses today and in the past have been found to vary in many ways,
such as variations in the number of ribs and lumbar bones, so which way is
evolution supposed to be moving. Horses today also vary in size, from the huge
Clydesdale to the tiny Fallabella, so fossil sizes do not indicate anything but
variation in size.
So
why do textbooks today continue to use the horse as a prime example of
evolution, when the whole schema is demonstrably false? Why are children taught
something which is unscientific and based entirely on assumptions and theories?
Adam
was a mythical figure, or symbolic invention, who never really lived, like a
Greek god or character in a fairy tale.
Adam
is a pivotal figure in Scripture. He is described as the first Adam, and the one
who brought sin into the world. He also made it necessary for Jesus the Second
Adam to atone for all humans, and then rise from the grave with the promise of
complete redemption for fallen Man, and fallen creation. If Adam was just a
myth, we would not be able to fully understand the work of Jesus.
If
Adam and Eve were not real, then we ought to doubt whether their children were
real too, and their children . . . and then we ought to doubt the first 11
chapters of Genesis, and so on. All the genealogies accept Adam as being real,
so Cain and Abel (Gen.4:10, Luke 11:50-51) must be real too, since they were
Adam and Eve’s non-mythical children. The genealogies of Matthew and Luke both
accept that Adam was a literal person. Jesus was descended from Adam - it is
impossible to be descended from a myth.
Because
life arises spontaneously from random meetings of molecules, we should find
life elsewhere in the universe.
Life
is not simple. Even a single living cell is as complex as a whole city like New
York. The chances of New York suddenly appearing after a few random bricks and
pipes and things land together is about as likely as a cell coming about through
random processes.
So
far no sign of life has been found anywhere except on Earth.
If
there is life elsewhere in the universe (on the same plane as our own) it was
created, not accidental.
In
1996 rocks were found which most scientists believe came from Mars.
Close examination of these rocks revealed what looked like fossil bacteria, yet
no complete agreement has been reached. The contents of the rock, it has been
argued, could be minerals, or substances leached into the porous rock, or
contaminants from humans.
But
even if bacteria were found in the rock it would not prove evolution because
life always comes from life. Also, bacteria cannot evolve upwards because there
is no known (natural) mechanism by which new information can be added to the DNA
of a living creature.
It
doesn’t matter what you believe
about origins, as long as you believe in Jesus.
To
a certain extent this is true, but of you don’t believe what the Bible says
about origins, how can you fully trust what it says about anything else? If
Genesis is rejected as unbelievable, or unreliable, then where do you stop?
Many
Christians believe in evolution, but usually they have never thought through the
consequences of evolution - where it leads to if accepted. It may look
attractive from a distance, but close up it excludes God, or misrepresents Him,
and it contradicts the plain statements of Genesis, and Jesus.
Genesis
is the foundation on which the whole Bible sits. The whole ministry of Jesus was
related to Genesis 1-11, and salvation makes logical sense when Genesis 1-11 is
brought into it. Otherwise we have a chaotic message, in which death reigned
before Adam and somewhere in the past some primate almost qualifies for heaven!
DNA
in chimps and humans
is very similar - this shows a common ancestry.
The
similarity is about 96-99% depending on who is telling the story, so the figure
is not measured accurately enough yet for anyone to be sure. However, even if
the figures are reasonably accurate, we ought to remember that human DNA has
some 3 billion nucleotides in sequence, and the whole sequence has never
been inspected in detail so there may be huge differences between chimp and
human in the actual sequence. The 3 billion nucleotides form four chemical
compounds (C,G,A and T), which work together 3 at a time to determine 20 amino
acids, which work together to make proteins.
The
fact that chimps and humans share a common amount of DNA shows us that the same
Creator used the same materials to make two different creatures - just as the
same factory can use the same materials to make two different vehicles.
Similarity
in DNA does not mean similarity in sequence, and the difference in sequence may
make a huge difference. For example spot the difference between these two
sentences :
Adam
and Eve were free and holy, good and wise, until they listened to what the snake
said.
Adam
and Eve were free and holy, good and wise, until they listened to what the
snakes said.
The
one letter difference (less than 1%) between the two sentences makes a large
difference in the meaning of the sentence. In the same way a tiny difference in
the sequence on a DNA spiral can make a huge difference in the finished
creature.
If
humans and chimps were extremely different, and they in turn were extremely
different from other creatures, we might conclude that God was not consistent,
and also what would each creature eat? Biochemical similarity is important for
survival.
Just
4% difference would mean something like 120 million base pairs, or, in terms of
text, 12 million words (40 large books of information)
The
amount of difference between chimps and humans is unbridgeable in evolutionary
terms because we would need 120 million base pairs to be added, all in the right
sequence - and all by accident.
Sedimentary
layers
represent many years - sometimes thousands of years. The more layers the more
years.
Evidence
does not support this view. For example when Mount St Helens erupted in
Washington state the resulting mud and ash flows created sedimentary laminations
several hundred metres high in just a few days.
When
beach reclamation work in the Tweed river and Greenmount beach was being done,
the sand and water was pumped on to the beach to build it up. The effect, after
the huge deposits of water and sand had settled, was a beach consisting of
laminated horizontal stripes.
Obviously,
if a fine layer of sediment is laid down, another layer would need to be
deposited very soon afterwards, or the earlier deposit would be disrupted by
turbulence or some other intrusion.
Insects
trapped in fossilised amber
are millions of years old.
Insects
found in amber, if they are the same species as insects alive today are always
exactly the same, which indicates that no evolution has occurred.
The
dating of amber, and insects found in amber, is based on an assumption.
No
transitional forms between alleged ancestors to termites and present-day
termites has ever been found. The fact that termites are discovered in amber
means that termites in the past were trapped by amber. Neither the amber nor the
insect can tell us when the event happened.
The
Grand Canyon
was formed very slowly, over millions of years, by a small river.
The
reverse is actually the case. The Grand Canyon was formed very quickly, over a
short time, by a large amount of water, of which the Colorado river is the last
trickle.
A
small river never lays down sediment evenly over 100,000 square miles. A small
river always lays down sediment in uneven deposits as it cuts and turns, winds
and spreads over the years. Many of the sedimentary layers in the Grand Canyon
lie horizontally from one side of the Canyon to the other, indicating a single
sheet of water over the entire distance, which sorted and dropped sediment
evenly and quickly.
As
seen through the probably sequence of events during the Great Flood, the Canyon
conforms well to what might be expected. The layers were probably gouged through
while reasonably soft, as God pushed the land upwards at the end of the Flood.
Rocks
take millions of years to form.
When
Mount St Helens erupted, thick layers of mud and ash quickly turned into hard
rocks. For example, in three separate days of flow and deposit, a cliff was
formed which is 200 metres (600 feet) high comprising solid rock.
A
canyon was also formed in only one day (called engineer’s Canyon), when a mud
flow swept through, cutting away the already deposited rocks ‘dam’.
Three
quarters of the earth’s surface is covered by rock which was formed by water.
Sometimes fossil tree trunks up to 15 metres (45 feet) tall are found standing
upright, surrounded by rock. This indicates that the trees were buried quickly,
before they had time to rot away.
Geologists
working on the North Sea coast of England have discovered that soft mud has
taken only a few years to turn into rock.
Fossil
graveyards indicate that animals trapped by waterborne sediment were killed and
buried before they could rot. This indicates rapid hardening of sediment.
Embryonic
development
shows evolution in progress.
The
idea that as an embryo develops it goes through the supposed stages of
evolution, from sea-creature to land-creature, was promoted by the scientist
Ernst Haeckel. (Ernst also drew and documented in great detail a creature called
the ‘moneron’ which did not exist!)
Haeckel’s
drawings of various embryos were concocted from his imagination. He altered the
facts to suit his evolutionary views and, unfortunately, despite being exposed
by many creationist and non-creationists, his false ideas are still taught in
schools and universities.
What
is even worse is that people who continue to believe Haeckel’s lies consider
the foetus in its earliest stage to be nothing but a fish. Some abortionists use
the ‘fish stage’ argument to allay fears.
An
offshoot of Haeckel’s work was to inspire many Germans with the ideas of
superiority, nationalism and imperialism. His work helped to lay the foundation
for the intense German militarism, which gave Hitler, the supreme evolutionist,
a reason for wiping out the Jews.
All
evolution requires is an increase in information.
Information
is a feature of all living things. No useful information arises without an
intelligent source. Useful information has meaning, and always moves towards a
goal.
Intelligent
information cannot arise by accident, or by random processes.
The
intelligence input in all living things is a code called the DNA. Without this
code nothing could become a living thing. Nature is divided between coded and
non-coded matter, living and non-living.
The
Hubble telescope
has shown stars forming.
All
the Hubble telescope has revealed are still shots of heavenly objects
which have been interpreted as stars forming. Because the telescope cannot take
movies, there is no way we can know for sure what is actually happening.
Many
astronomers, who come from the evolutionary direction, expect to find stars
forming because they already assume that the universe is continually renewing
itself. This is why they claim that stars are ‘born’ and also why they
interpret photographs to suit their beliefs.
Many
incredibly delicate things would have to happen in order to cause a star to
form. First you would need a cloud of hydrogen, which would then need to be
compressed from the right directions in order to compress it exactly the right
amount. Having started its collapse its thermonuclear fusion might begin.
But
in order to cause the compression of this hypothetical cloud of hydrogen its
seems that the only available mechanism is an exploding star - so we have to
have stars in order to form stars. This brings us back to the first cause -
where did the original stars come from?
Many
stars have been seen ‘on the way out’ - exploding and dying. These supernova
are not as numerous as evolutionists predict however. A supernova
produces a dust cloud about 300,000 light years after some 120,000 years. If the
universe is as old as evolutionists say, we should be able to find many
supernova dust clouds still expanding, (at least 7000 of them), yet we do not.
What we find is a few dust clouds of a small size, still expanding - this
indicates that the universe is not much older than 10,000 years.
Stars
take millions of years to change.
A
team of astronomers (including Bengt Gustafsson at McDonald Observatory in Texas
and Martin Asplund of the Uppsala Observatory in Sweden) have observed a star
called Sakurai’s Object in the constellation of Sagittarius. In only a few
years the star has changed from a white dwarf to a bright yellow supergiant.
This means it has gone from about the size of the Earth to 80 times wider than
the sun - an increase of 8,000 times its original width, and the volume has
increased by over 500,000 million times its original volume.
Neandertal
man
was a primitive form of human.
Remains
of Neandertal sites have revealed (in Gibraltar) that they ate roasted pistachio
nuts, olives, rabbit, goat and venison grilled over a fire.
Despite
the claimed age of Neadertals of 40,000 years, the plant material at the
Gibraltar site is easily identified as to its species. Because of the rate at
which plant material decays, this indicates that the dating is out by many
thousands of years.
Neandertal
artefacts include a stone hearth in a Suffolk forest with what look like carving
knives and kebabs.
A
Neandertal bone flute was found in Slovenia, which is based on the same seven
note scale used in Western music.
Neandertals
were post-Flood humans who managed to survive the climate changes and migrations
after the dispersal from the tower of Babel.
Neandertal
remains in Europe have uncovered bone ornaments and sophisticated stone tools.
German
scientists have found perfectly preserved wooden spears, in company with other
artefacts, which suggest that Neandertals had sophisticated hunting, planning,
designing and manufacturing skills. A U.K. archaeologist was quoted as being
"speechless" at the implications of the find, but he was also
surprised because he believed the remains were about 400,000 years old. Well of
course his dating was based on an assumption. The Bible puts the Neadertals as
the descendants of Noah, who were descendants of Noah’s ever-growing family,
who spread across the world from about 4000 BC onwards, who were not
city-dwellers, but people who used their wisdom to make a living out of hunting.
Some
Neandertal remains have shown that they suffered from rickets - caused by lack
of Vit. D - causing bow-legs and swollen joints. Vit. D comes from fish oils,
milk and dairy products, so these people must have lacked these foods. It also
comes via the skin from sunlight. Neadertals lived after the Great Flood, when
the Ice Age was retreating from Europe - a time of poor sunlight, snow and cold
weather.
There
is some evidence which suggests that Neandertals had a form of writing.
They
buried their dead apparently with ceremony and arranged flowers around the
bodies. One grave in the Shanidar cave, in the Zagros mountains in Iraq had the
pollen from yarrow, cornflowers, St Barnaby’s thistle, ragwort, grape
hyacinth, hollyhock and woody horsetail. Most of these plants have herbal and
medicinal properties, which implies a knowledge of medicine.
Deep
underground, in a cave in southern France once used by Neandertals, a structure
built out of pieces of stalactite was found. The structure implies the use of
fire, communication, and co-operation. Also found was bituminous glue used to
fix tools to handles.
Primitive
bacteria found in hot pools show that life could have originated in hot
water.
For
a start, these bacteria are not ‘simple’ or ‘primitive’ at all.
Secondly, all these present bacteria come from other bacteria (the family tree),
so the original parent is not there to be examined. It is all assumption to
suppose that some time in the distant past a clump of molecules accidentally
produced the first one.
The
fact that these bacteria are able to live in such hot water actually points to
design rather than evolution. High temperatures are usually lethal to living
cells - RNA and DNA disintegrate quickly when heated. These bacteria have been
designed specifically to live in harsh conditions.
Drug-resistant
germs
show that evolution operates on the small scale as well as the large.
So-called
‘super germs’ are resistant to almost every type of antibiotic known to Man.
Some of these bacteria have actually been found thriving in bottles of
disinfectant. The more antibacterial chemicals that are used, the more resistant
some of these germs become. However, for these germs to be developing or
evolving we would expect to find new information in their DNA, but no new
information is ever found.
The
'super bugs' already had the potential to resist the drugs. If 1 in every 100
million has a resistance to a certain chemical, that 1 will soon multiply into
millions.
Bacteria
can pass immunity on to other bacteria. They do this by inserting a little loop
of DNA called a plasmid into another bacteria. In this way a whole population of
bacteria can become resistant to a drug - and no new information has been
added.
Mutation
may produce immunity, but again there is no gain in information - only
deformation or loss of already present information.
'Super
bugs' are not super at all, they are just germs which have adapted to an altered
environment. If these same germs were released outside, into the soil, they
would quickly die - just as some dogs would die in the wild, or some hybrid
fish, or some specially bred birds.
One
useful mutation is seedless oranges, yet such a mutation is not positive,
because without seeds the orange cannot reproduce.
Radiocarbon
dating methods
prove that the Earth is millions of years old.
Carbon
dating has nothing to do with millions of years, Its upper maximum limit is
about 100,000 theoretical years because it is a method which can only date
things which contain organic carbon - unlike most fossil bones.
Carbon
dating is riddled with assumptions. Usually the results are adjusted to fit with
the assumptions.
Carbon
dating (or radio carbon, or radiometric) methods do not generally agree with
each other. If dates are in agreement they are published, while dates which
disagree are held back, so the public gets the idea that carbon dating is
consistently accurate.
Carbon
dating has been shown many times to be incredibly faulty. For example wood found
under lava which came from an eruption on Rangitoto was already known to be
about 200 years old, yet potassium-argon dating put it at half a million years.
So what was it - under a thousand years or 250,000 years? If dating methods are
this far out with things this young, how reliable are they when they are used to
give ages for things supposed to be millions of years old?
Evolution
and Genesis
can be fitted together so we can believe both.
If
one writes down the sequence in which evolution is supposed to have occurred,
and then writes down the sequence of genesis, there is NO WAY the two can be
fitted together.
If
evolution is true, then there is no Creator, and life ‘made itself’, in
which case death reigned long before humans appeared. If that is the case then
Adam, if he ever really existed, was not the first sinner - whatever ‘sin’
is. If that is so then the human race may not need salvation. If so, then Jesus
is not relevant except perhaps as a good example of morals. If evolution is true
then there is no need for a God, and Christianity becomes irrelevant, since Man
may be well-behaved without needing any external authority to refer to. (There
are variations to this one but they all add up to the same thing - evolution is
an exclusive club to which no Christians are ever invited)
Jesus
believed in creation. Jesus Himself created many things - wine, money, new limbs
. . .
The
first humans must have had ‘belly buttons’
because all humans are born.
This
is like the chicken or the egg problem. A chicken must lay eggs in order to
survive, but an egg must be laid by a chicken in order to supply the next
chicken. In the same way a human needs a human in order to produce another
human, but how far back do you go before you find the original human?
The
Bible says God created the first human. Adam and Eve did not have belly buttons
because they were never born. Their children were the first humans to be born,
and from these children the entire human race has sprung.
It
is impossible to theorise a logical process by which both male and female humans
could have arisen over millions of years through random events, and then add on
the further complication of sexual reproduction processes, the formation of the
womb, and birth processes including brain development, blood circulation, the
development of first and second teeth, and other important changes after birth.
One
other large problem is that for any change to occur, useful new information has
to be added to the DNA, and this is not happening today due to the fact that
genes never blend their information but instead they diversify it. Dominant
genes overcome recessive genes, but both types of gene remain intact from
generation to generation.
Because
life evolves
under suitable conditions, there should be life elsewhere in the universe.
Life
cannot evolve by any known natural process, since all life needs first an
external input of information (a code to control non-living molecules), and
second the regular addition of new useful information.
SETI
- search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence - has found only two likely suspects
so far : the microwave oven downstairs at Parkes Observatory, and signals from
Earth-bound satellites - but whether or not there is intelligent life on Earth
is a moot question.
The
conditions necessary for life to evolve - should the Theory of Evolution be
taken seriously for a moment - are incredibly extensive. All the right chemicals
at all the right temperatures, in all the right quantities, meeting at all the
right angles, producing all the right things at all the right times, making all
the right substances in all the right quantities, producing all the right
reactions and building all the right amino acids with all the right types of
molecule, with all the right additional information . . . . the chances of all
the right conditions being met are so small as to be non-existent.
The
idea that life exists on other planets in other parts of the universe is based
on the assumption that life can evolve by random processes. This has been shown,
by many different areas of science, to be impossible. So if life cannot evolve
here on earth it certainly cannot evolve anywhere else.
The
evidence for an intelligent designer behind life is clearly written in the DNA
code - a code which could not have formed by random processes.
The
optimum conditions for life to continue
are also very complex. Our Earth provides an optimum place for most life in most
cases. We have a star which is the right size and distance from the planet, and
which is stable enough to provide safe, steady heat. We have a planet which
orbits at the optimum speed and distance from the star. We have an abundance of
liquid water, which is essential for the processes involved in living cells. We
have a non-poisonous atmosphere which also absorbs and deflects harmful forms of
light such as x-rays, ultraviolet and gamma. We have a magnetic field strong
enough to deflect the solar wind - a stream of high-energy charged particles. We
also have plenty of oxygen in the right proportions to meet life’s needs.
SETI
costs the American taxpayer about $10 per year. This would provide emergency
food for 102,000 starving Rwandan children, or give 140,000 Third World families
enough crop seeds to become self-sufficient, or give 64.2 million measles
vaccinations . . .
The
whole universe is continually renewing itself
and growing more complex.
The
second law of thermodynamics totally contradicts this assumption. While
astronomers hunt in vain for stars being born, the actual view they have is of
stars burning up their fuel and dying. While biologists point at the birth of
plants and the growth of trees from a simple cell to a complex tree, the
creationist points at the DNA and genes inside the cell which produce the tree -
in other words, the complexity is a temporary thing, a passing moment, an
illusion. All living things eventually die, thus fulfilling the second law.
The
house that Charles Darwin lived in for 40 years until he died in 1882 is now
under threat of dereliction. Iron is rusting, bricks are crumbling, floors are
sagging and carpets are disintegrating.. Once cleanly finished and attractive
surfaces are now cracking and fading and peeling. The complexity of Darwin’s
house is progressing towards greater randomness. Given enough time and nothing
would be left. Like Darwin, the house is subject to the second law and will soon
return to the dust from which it came.
The
whole universe is like a great clock which is gradually unwinding. Galaxies are
disintegrating, stars are burning out, radioactive elements are separating into
simpler substances, DNA is breaking down, all life is ageing and perishing. All
organised things eventually become disorganised. There is not a single area in
the entire universe which anyone can point to as an example of the opposite.
The
evolution of various creatures is clearly shown in their ‘family trees’.
Usually
these tree take the form of a number of supposedly related creatures lined up
along the top in a row, then dotted lines connecting these known insects with
assumed ancestors. The dotted lines (sometimes solid lines) represent the
assumed family relations, back to some unknown ancestor.
The
fact is none of these lines have any evidence to support them. Evolutionists
think in terms of evolution from many different sources, while Creationists
think in terms of separate creation from a few very specific sources. Just
because certain creatures are similar does not mean that they came from some
common progenitor - i.e. Monkeys and humans, butterflies and ladybirds, worms
and slugs, lizards and crocodiles, birds and flying fish.
The
Creationist family tree starts with (for example) the original dog ‘kind’
and then shows the varieties of ‘dog’ which have sprung from it (wolves,
jackals, foxes etc). The Evolutionist family tree however, starts with a bunch
of similar creatures and then leaps off into an assumed trunk, naming
non-existent creatures as ancestors, which have no basis in any fossil evidence,
and presumes some dubious ancestor which has never been found in any shape or
form.
Rock
usually takes millions of years to form.
Mr
John Heffner sent a cross-section of a pipe to the Answers in Genesis people
around 1998, which showed solid rock filling the pipe to about 80% of its
diameter. The pipe was taken from the Sonat Minerals flowline natural gas well
in Lousiana, USA, in the Austin Chalk formation drilled in 1997. The pipe took
only three months to fill with rock - consisting of the 84% calcium carbonate -
the stuff of which stalactites are made.